Carrying capacity, mass tourism, and overtourism
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According to the Biology Dictionary: “In biology, the concept of carrying capacity relates the number of organisms which can survive to the resources within an ecosystem. Ecosystems cannot exceed their carrying capacity [for long].” Some travel & tourism stakeholders refer to a destination’s sustainable capacity to receive visitors as its ‘carrying capacity’.
Mass tourism is characterised by large concentrations of tourists at the same place at the same time. The travel & tourism industry facilitates mass tourism through organised group tours, package deals, shore visits by cruise ship passengers, and similar practices.
Overtourism is the perception, especially among residents, of too much tourism at a destination or simply too many visitors to a place. Environmental carrying capacities notwithstanding, overtourism is subjective. There need not be industrial-scale mass tourism for a host community to feel the effects of overtourism. Mass tourism, for example, is often the cause of overtourism in ‘normal’ neighbourhoods, but not in destinations or attractions that have been planned and purpose-built to receive large numbers of tourists, whose resident populations welcome the economic opportunities mass tourism brings.
Overtourism can be terrible for residents who perceive it. Yet open-hearted, welcoming, hospitable people find it difficult to turn people away. And, similar to immigration debates in some parts of the world, when some do find voice to call for restrictions, it’s easy for others to label them as some kind of an ‘anti-’ or an ‘-ist’ or a ‘-phobe’.
“The phenomenon of ‘overtourism’, about which there are always lots of complaints, is a symptom of an unhealthy dependence on tourism for jobs and economic activity. We know that, yet this dependence is why little gets done to solve the problem. It is politically and economically difficult to solve because the withdrawal symptoms are rough.” _ David Gillbanks in “As we sit out COVID-19, let’s think about a fair & fail-safe treatment or vaccine for overtourism”.
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